Policy & Citizenship Tracker

Citizenship, right-of-abode and residence routes for the diaspora, and the continental agreements on trade and free movement. Every entry quotes and links its source; nothing is listed until it has been checked.

Diaspora status & visas

Ethiopia · Rights of foreign nationals of Ethiopian origin (Proclamation No. 270/2002, "Yellow Card")

In force

Gives foreign nationals of Ethiopian origin a set of rights in Ethiopia, including entry and residence, short of citizenship.

Proclamation No. 270/2002 concerning the rights of foreign nationals of Ethiopian origin

2002 · Source: Citizenship Rights in Africa Initiative · checked Oct 14, 2026

Free movement

African Union · AU Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence and Right of Establishment

Signed, not in force

Adopted on 29 January 2018. It enters into force once 15 member states ratify it.

It will enter into force on ratification by 15 member states.

Effective Jan 29, 2018 · Source: ISS Africa, A new dawn for African migrants · checked Oct 14, 2026

AfCFTA & trade integration

African Union · African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement

In force

The AfCFTA Agreement entered into force on 30 May 2019 for the 24 countries that had ratified by then. As of 4 September 2026, 50 signatories had deposited instruments of ratification.

50 signatories to the Agreement have deposited their instruments of AfCFTA ratification

Effective May 30, 2019 · Source: tralac, AfCFTA key features · checked Oct 14, 2026

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